Texas Tech University

Arc Light (B-52 Raids)

Operation
Title
Arc Light (B-52 Raids)
Start Date
6/18/1965
End Date
8/15/1973
CTZ
South Vietnam and Laos
TAO
South Vietnam and Laos, flown from Thailand and Guam
Objective
USAF B-52 bombing missions to support ground tactical operations and to interdict enemy supply lines in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia and later to strike at targets in North Vietnam
Description
These operations were most often used in close air support (CAS) bombing raids of enemy base camps, troop concentrations, or supply lines. They were usually carried out at high altitudes and often called aerial excavations by the ground forces. Most of the sorties were carried out in South Vietnam, though a few were flown near the DMZ. The first ARC LIGHT raid occured on 28 June 1965, and though the media questioned its effectiveness, Gen. Westmoreland continued to support the program. Most missions during 1965 were saturation attacks, with a few tactical support missions. Eventually the need to deliver bigger payloads led to increasing the amount of bombs the B-52D could carry in the Big Belly program. In April of 1966, the bombers raided outside South Vietnam for the first time when bombing Laos to stop PAVN inflitrations in the Mu Gia Pass and later the Ho Chi Minh Trail. In 1968, the B-52s supported the U.S. Marines at Khe Sanh and attacked other targets including the A Shau Valley, the Kontum-Dak To border area, and the PAVN/VC infiltration area in War Zone C. Strikes continued throughout 1969. Vietnamizationn began to reduce ARC LIGHT raids during 1970, though missions continued to be flown in Laos and Cambodia. In April 1970, the B-52s flew in COMMANDO HUNT III. In response to the PAVN's Easter Offensive, the bombers participated in raids on Ha Noi and Hai Phong. LINEBACKER I and LINEBACKER II were composed of ARC LIGHT missions. Even though Ha Noi agreed to return to negotiations on 30 December 1972, the bombings continued until 15 August 1973 due to cease-fire violations. At the end of ARC LIGHT, 55 percent of the sorties were flown in South Vietnam. The USAF lost 31 B-52s, 18 to enemy fire and due 13 to operations problems.
Allied Units Involved
Unit
USAF B-52 Stratofortresses (7th, 22d, 91st, 99th, 306th, 320th, 454th, 461st Bomb Wings
Killed in Action
31 B-52s lost
Enemy Units Involved
Unit
VC
Unit
PAVN
Sources
Author
Spencer C. Tucker
Title
The Encyclopedia Of The Vietnam War: A Political, Social & Military History
Title
Preliminary Checklist Of United States Military Operations In Southeast History