Texas Tech University

Lam Son 719

Operation
Title
Lam Son 719
Start Date
1/30/1971
End Date
4/9/1971
CTZ
I
TAO
southern Laos across from the two northern provinces of the RVN
Objective
To curtail southbound shipments of supplies down the Ho Chi Minh Trail; to capture Tchepone in Laos and destroy supplies in Base Area 604 and Base Area 611; to sever the Ho Chi Minh Trail
Description
This was the first major ARVN deployment unaccompanied by U.S. advisors. By this time, Vietnamization was well under way as U.S. troops continued to withdraw. Meanwhile, the Ho Chi Minh Trail was still being used heavily to transport troops and supplies. The Cooper-Church Amendmednt would not allow the use of U.S. ground forces in Laos, even in the form of advisors or air guides. However, the U.S. provided helicopters, fighter-bombers, and B-52s for air support. Through operation DEWEY CANYON II at Khe Sanh, led by the 1st Brigade, 5th Infantry Division, U.S. troops provided logistical support and artillery fire to support the ARVN units. At the opening of the operation, 15,000 ARVN troops invaded Laos along Route 9 and moved toward Tchepone. They built fire support bases (FSBs) along the way to be used as base camps and artillery support. From these, patrols and raids could be sent into the countryside. Estimates that it would take a month for full PAVN divisions to move into the TAO proved grossly wrong. The 304th, 308th and 320th PAVN Divisions were fighting within two weeks. The ARVN advance stopped at A Luoi. After the PAVN attacked with artillery, they used tanks to assault the FSBs. Soon the FSBs fell. Meanwhile, the pivotal U.S. air power was not able to strike the PAVN because clouds prevented the use of jet fighter-bombers. While B-52s could attack in spite of the weather, the U.S. would not use them within 3 miles of the ARVN units unless absolutely necessary. The PAVN knew this and stayed close to the ARVN units to avoid U.S. fire. Even after the weather cleared, AAA and machine guns kept U.S. air power at bay. SAMs posed a problem for the B-52s. President Thieu still wanted to take Tchepone, even though it had been abandoned and had little military value. U.S. Huey helicopters transported troops into Tchepone. From there they searched for PAVN supply caches. Finally, the ARVN began withdrawing from Laos, but due to a lack of training, the retreat was very unorganized. The PAVN intensified their attacks and the Air Force was hindered again by weather and AAA fire. The retreat collapsed into a rout as the PAVN continued to attack. Half of the ARVN force survived largely due to the bravery and selflessness of U.S. helicopter pilots. At the conclusion of the operation, 108 U.S. helicopters were destroyed and another 618 were damaged. Both sides claimed a victory in the operation. President Nixon reported the success of Vietnamization while in Ha Noi the operation was termed the heaviest defeat ever for the Allies. However, the ARVN dependence on U.S. air support and fire was once again revealed.
Allied Units Involved
Unit
101st Airborne Division (Airmobile, USA)
Unit
USA air support
Unit
ARVN
Killed in Action
1,764 ARVN ; 215-253 (USA)
Missing in Action
2,500+
Wounded in Action
3,000-3,400+ ARVN ; 1,149 (USA)
Enemy Units Involved
Unit
304th, 308th & 320th PAVN Divisions
Killed in Action
19,360-20,000 PAVN
Sources
Author
Shelby L. Stanton
Title
Vietnam: Order Of Battle
Author
Spencer C. Tucker
Title
The Encyclopedia Of The Vietnam War: A Political, Social & Military History
Author
Harry G. Summers, Jr.
Title
Historical Atlas Of The Vietnam War
Author
National Archives and Records Administration
Title
Preliminary Checklist Of United States Military Operations In Southeast Asia