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Operation
Title
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Start Date
3/18/1969
End Date
8/15/1970
CTZ
Cambodia
TAO
Cambodia
Objective
To destroy supplies and disrupt the PAVN and VC base camps in the border area between Cambodia and South Vietnam; To destroy the Central Office for South Vietnam (COSV); to prevent an attack on the scale of the 1968 Tet offensive
Description
These were secret B-52 bombing of Cambodia with the code name FREEDOM DEAL. B-52 missions began to be flown in Cambodia on 18 March. This mission targeted Base Area 353 and was code named BREAKFAST. Following missions received the names SUPPER, LUNCH, DESSERT, and SNACK. The set of missions became the MENU bombing. A select few government officials knew the bomibngs were actually in Cambodia. The Air Force Chief of Staff and even the pilots flying the B-52s were unaware. ARC LIGHT strikes in South Vietnam provided cover for the bombings. The B-52s were controlled in the final moments by radar bomb navigators, and the pilots were unaware of a change in heading. The targets in Cambodia would only be a few kilometers from the targets the aircrew knew about, so the pilots did not know the difference. The navigators were told that at the last minute, new bombing corrdinates would be forwarded to them. The bombs were then dropped on these new targets, but poststrike reports showed the original targets had been struck. The actual target information would only be reported to the officials cleared for MENU bombing intelligence. Near the end of the operation The New York Times ran an article on the bombing, destroying the secrecy. After Lon Nol deposed Prince Sihanouk on 18 March 1970, ARVN operations began inside Cambodia. U.S. planes could now support ARVN troops in the open. After May 26, the covert bombing of Cambodia ended. Bombing strikes were still often referred to as MENU bombing, but the deception ended. Later, in 1973 when the bombings were revealed in letters to a Senator, hearings were heard on MENU, further discrediting the Nixon administration. The damage done to the Communists is not known. Supply caches and base camps were undoubtedly hit, but COSVN was not near as important as speculated. However, the Easter Offensive was held off until 1972, allowing Vietnamization to continue and the withdrawal of U.S. forces to be nearly complete.
Allied Units Involved
Unit
USAF
Enemy Units Involved
Unit
People's Army of Viet Nam
Branch Abbrv.
PAVN
Sources
Author
Spencer C. Tucker
Title
The Encyclopedia Of The Vietnam War: A Political, Social & Military History
Author
National Archives and Records Administration
Title
Preliminary Checklist Of United States Military Operations In Southeast Asia